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56 MATERIALS MAR/APR 2026 FDM ASIA | www.fdmasia.com

GennadiyUdovichenko with almost all board properties except IB, indicating that a
higher binder content improved IB, WA, and TS. Pressing rate
showed the weakest overall effect on the board properties,
with a moderately negative correlation observed only for MOE.
Overall, these conclusions are consistent with previous
studies on particleboard production, including boards made

from flax shives and sunflower bark bonded by casein-based
adhesives, sawmill residues bonded with formaldehyde-based
MUF adhesive, miscanthus bonded with synthetic MDI, and
The boards made from LS-I sawdust demonstrated more recycled particleboards bonded with tannin and sucrose systems.
homogenous surfaces composed of particles with more even Studies on furnish structure have shown that the most
fractional distribution, complementing the results showing the advantageous particleboard properties are achieved when the
higher proportion of fine particles. outer layers are formed from particles predominantly >0.63
The homogeneity effect could also be attributed to the mm and the core layer from particles >10 mm.
density of the boards, with higher density boards showing For bio-based adhesives, an optimal tannin-sucrose resin

fewer obvious voids between particles. content (25:75) of 30 percent to 40 percent has been reported,
The cross-section surface of the boards also revealed along with optimal hot-pressing conditions of 220°C and 1.1
SA binder penetration into individual particles. The shape min/mm.
difference between LS and RE particles could be observed, In this study, the suitable SA binder content and pressing
with laminated particles from recycled particleboard visible on rate ensuring efficient board properties across all used
the cross-section surface of RE-based boards. furnishes were 21 percent and 1.5 min/mm, respectively.
Although synthetic adhesives such as MDI ensure very fast

Influencing Factors particleboard pressing rates (approximately 25 s/mm), the MOR
The properties of the obtained particleboards varied significantly of the resulting boards with a density of 600 kg/m³ typically
depending on all the investigated factors: production conditions ranges from 7 N/mm² to 10 N/mm² depending on particle size
(pressing temperature and time), board density, and the type distribution and composition.
of furnish used. Such variability is typical for conventional In this case, the maximum MOR values also reached 10
particleboard as well. N/mm², but at higher densities—960 kg/m³ for LS furnish and
The influence of these factors on the tested properties 750 kg/m³ for RE furnish, the latter influenced by reduced
differed in magnitude. Board density affected all measured board thickness.
properties except TS, which was primarily influenced by This suggests that the RE furnish is more compatible with

pressing temperature and binder content. the SA binder; however, the LS furnish also shows strong
The effects of pressing conditions also varied: for example, potential, particularly in terms of water resistance and adhesive
increasing the pressing temperature from 200°C to 220°C performance.
slightly improved WA and IB and significantly improved TS, The favorable water resistance and bonding performance
whereas bending properties, particularly MOE, showed a of SA-bonded particleboards can be attributed to the efficient
slightly negative response. depolymerisation of birch outer bark, yielding substantial
An increase in binder content showed a negative correlation amounts of monomeric SA, monosaccharides, and polyphenolic